General Overview
February 2024 was another month with healthy inflows for the global ETF industry. These inflows occurred in a further unstable market environment since the geopolitical tensions in Middle East, especially the Red Sea, increased over the course of the month as the European Union decided to send military ships to protect commercial vessels from the attacks of Houthi rebels. Nevertheless, since a number of shipping companies avoid nowadays the passage of the Suez channel, it is to be expected that the prolonged delivery times will cause some tensions for the still vulnerable delivery chains.
Market sentiment was further driven by hopes that central banks—especially the U.S. Federal Reserve—have reached the last phase of their fight against high and further increasing inflation rates given their rather dovish statements during/after the respective central bank meetings. That said the statements from the U.S. Fed in January about a possible start of lowering interest rates might have caught some investors on the wrong foot, as the central bank indicated that it may start the lowering of interest rates later and with less steps in 2024 than some investors expected. This statement might have impacted the estimated inflows in bond ETFs. In addition, some investors may have also reviewed their expectations for bonds, as there is the risk that the inflation in the major economies might be more sticky than expected and central banks are held responsible to reach their inflation targets. In addition, there are still some concerns about the possibility of a recession in the U.S. and other major economies around the globe.
These fears have been raised by a lack of growth in some economies and the long-term inverted yield curves, which are seen as an early indicator for a possible recession. The normalization of inverted yield curves might be another short-term challenge for the bond markets.
On the other hand, the performance of the so-called Magnificent Seven (Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, Meta, Microsoft, Nvidia, and Tesla) drove the U.S. markets further up. The stellar performance of these stocks may remind some investors of the performance of some stocks before the burst of the so-called “dot.com bubble.” As a result, many investors might have been caught between fear and greed when looking at the U.S. equity markets.
That said, some major equity indices reached new all-time high values over the course of February 2024.
Within this market environment, the promoters of ETFs (+$79.2 bn) and the promoters of structured notes (+$4.3 bn) enjoyed overall inflows over the course of February 2024.
Table 1: General Overview on Global Assets Under Management and Estimated Fund Flows by Regions and Major ETF Domiciles (February 29, 2024)
Source: LSEG Lipper
Assets Under Management
Assets under management in the global ETF industry increased from $11,380.3 bn at the end of January 2024 to $11,833.4 bn at the end of February 2024. The majority of these assets ($9,202.4 bn) were held in equity ETFs. This category was followed by bond ETFs ($2,142.4 bn), commodities ETFs ($170.8 bn), alternatives ETFs ($130.2 bn), ”other” ETFs ($86.8 bn), money market ETFs (€59.6 bn), mixed-assets ETFs ($41.1 bn), and real estate ETFs (€0.02 bn).
Graph 1: Market Share Assets Under Management in the Global ETF Industry by Asset Type – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
Since this report covers a limited number of ETNs and ETCs, the so-called “structured notes” alongside ETFs, it is important to show the market share of assets under management of these products in comparison to ETFs to indicate the relevance and possible impact of these products for this study.
While ETFs held $11,585.8 bn, or 97.91%, of the overall assets under management, the structured notes covered in this report held $247.6 bn, or 2.09%, of the overall assets under management at the end of February 2024.
Graph 2: Market Share Assets Under Management in the Global ETF Industry by Product Type – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
Since ETFs are product wrappers which are used for passive index tracking products and active/semi-active strategies, it is important to shed a light on these two different product categories. Market observers expect more growth in the segment of active/semi-active products in the future since an increasing number of active managers are starting to launch ETFs not linked to an index or ETF share classes of existing actively managed mutual funds. It is expected that this trend will continue after the patent on ETF share classes held by Vanguard expired in April 2023.
Nevertheless, it is no surprise that index tracking products held the vast majority of the overall assets under management in the global ETF industry ($11,103.3 bn or 93.83%), while ETFs which aim to outperform an index or are not linked to an index at all held $730.1 bn, or 6.17%, of the overall assets under management at the end of February 2024.
Graph 3: Market Share Assets Under Management in the Global ETF Industry by Management Approach – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
Assets Under Management Factor-Based ETFs
Since products which follow a factor-based strategy—the so-called smart beta products—can be found under both product types, it makes sense to highlight the high overall market share of factor-based products. Overall, factor-based products held assets under management of $2,428.3 bn at the end of February, which means in turn these products had an overall market share of 20.52%. The high percentage of the assets under management in factor-based ETFs shows that these products, which have been seen as marketing driven product launches in the past, have become mainstream investments over time.
Graph 4: Market Share Assets Under Management in the Global ETF Industry Factor-Based ETFs vs Conventional ETFs – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
It is actually no surprise that investors around the globe use factor-based ETFs within their portfolios since these products offer access to a broad range of factors which have been proven that they can be exploited to deliver additional returns for investors. Nevertheless, the potential outperformance of a given factor is often depending on the right timing of the investment since single factors do not deliver a consistent outperformance. With regard to this, it is no surprise that the global ETF industry developed products which use multiple factors. These products shall be easier to use for investors since the usage of multiple factors shall remove the need for market timing.
The graph below shows the variety of factor strategies which are available to investors.
As multifactor ETFs are convenient products, it is no surprise that these products held the highest assets under management in the segment of factor-based ETFs ($1,156.6 bn), they are followed by ETFs using dividends as selection factor ($401.8 bn), ETFs using the size factor ($214.3 bn), value factor ETFs ($205.0 bn), and ETFs using the growth factor ($178.5 bn).
Graph 5: Market Share Assets Under Management of Single Factors within the Factor-based ETF Universe – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
Assets Under Management ESG-Related ETFs
Since sustainable investing is one of the major topics for investors around the globe, it is no surprise that that the global ETF industry offers sustainable products. That said, the products available use different strategies and sustainable investment credentials. With regard to this, it is noteworthy that not all ETFs which have implemented some kind of sustainable investment credentials can be seen as sustainable or ESG products. Nevertheless, this statistic marks all ETFs which state the use of at least one ESG-related credential to determine the constituents of its index as ESG-related, while ETFs which do not use any sustainable investment credentials are marked as conventional ETFs.
Given the fact that most portfolios are still benchmarked against conventional indices, it is no surprise that conventional ETFs ($11,218.0 bn) held the vast majority of the assets under management in the global ETF industry, while their ESG-related peers held $615.4 bn at the end of February 2024.
Graph 6: Market Share Assets Under Management in the Global ETF Industry ESG-related ETFs vs Conventional ETFs – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
Given the overall market structure of the global ETF industry it is no surprise that equity ETFs ($471.2 bn) held the highest assets under management in the segment of ESG-related ETFs. They were followed by bond ETFs ($112.7 bn), “other” ETFs ($25.6 bn), commodities ETFs ($2.6 bn), alternatives ETFs ($2.3 bn), mixed-assets ETFs ($0.6 bn), and money market ETFs ($0.4 bn).
Graph 7: Market Share Assets Under Management of ESG-related ETFs by Asset Type – February 29, 2024
Source: LSEG Lipper
Assets Under Management by Region
ETFs domiciled in North America ($8,871.7 bn) held the highest assets under management in the global ETF industry at the end of February 2024. They were followed by ETFs domiciled in Europe ($1,875.0 bn), ETFs domiciled in the Asia Pacific region ($1,061.0 bn), ETFs domiciled in South and Central America ($17.8 bn), and ETFs domiciled in Africa ($7.9 bn).
Graph 8: Assets Under Management in the Global ETF Industry by Region – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
In more detail, the U.S. was the largest single country ETF domicile ($8,549.8 bn) at the end of February 2024, followed by Ireland ($1,323.8 bn), Japan ($572.6 bn), Luxembourg ($350.2 bn), and Canada ($321.9 bn). These five ETF domiciles account for assets under management of $11,118.3 bn, or 93.99%, of the overall assets under management in the global ETF industry.
Assets Under Management by Lipper Global Classification
Equity U.S. held by far the highest assets under management ($4,004.9 bn) of the 279 Lipper Global Classifications covered in this report. It was followed by Equity U.S. Small & Mid Cap ($765.1 bn), Equity Global ex-U.S. ($674.5 bn), Equity Japan ($612.1 bn), and Bond USD Medium Term ($392.3 bn).
Graph 9: The 20 Largest Lipper Global Classifications by Assets Under Management – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
A closer review of the assets under management by Lipper Global Classification shows that the 10 largest classifications held $8,132.2 bn, or 68.72%, of the overall assets under management of the global ETF industry, while the largest 20 classifications account for $9,477.0 bn, or 80.09%, of the overall assets under management at the end of February 2024.
Assets Under Management by Promoters
BlackRock (iShares) is the largest promoter of ETFs globally ($3,670.5 bn). It is followed by Vanguard ($2,689.4 bn), State Street Global Advisors (SPDR) ($1,334.6 bn), Invesco ($584.7 bn), and Charles Schwab Investment Management ($331.4 bn).
Graph 10: Assets Under Management of the 20 Largest ETF Promoters Globally – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
As graph 10 shows, the assets under management in the global ETF industry are even more highly concentrated at the promoter level than at the domicile or classification level.
The three top ETF promoters globally account for assets under management of $7,703.5 bn, or 65.10%, of the overall assets under management, while the 10 top promoters account for $9,670.8 bn, or 81.73%, of the overall assets under management and the 20 top promoters account for $10,568.8 bn, or 89.31%, of the assets under management held by ETFs globally.
Global ETF Flows
The global ETF industry enjoyed healthy overall inflows of $83.6 bn over the course of February 2024.
As mentioned before, this report covers a limited number of structured notes alongside ETFs. It is important to split the overall estimated fund flows between these two product types to indicate the relevance and possible impact of structured notes for this study.
ETFs enjoyed estimated net inflows of $79.2 bn over the course of February, while structured notes enjoyed inflows of (+$4.3 bn) over the same time period.
Graph 11: Estimated Net Sales by Product Type, February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
As mentioned before, ETFs can be managed with different approaches. They may use a passive approach (index tracking) where the portfolio of the respective ETF is tied to an index, or an active/semi-active approach where the fund manager has the aim to outperform an index or is not linked to an index at all.
Index tracking products enjoyed the vast majority of the estimated net inflows (+$63.1 bn) over the course of the month, while active/semi-active products enjoyed estimated net inflows of $20.5 bn over the same time period.
Graph 12: Estimated Net Sales by Management Approach, February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
Global ETF Flows in Factor-Based ETFs
Since products which follow a factor-based strategy held a high overall market share of the assets under management in the global ETF industry, it makes sense to review the estimated net flows for these products. Overall, factor-based products enjoyed inflows of $7.5 bn over the course of February, while their conventional peers posted inflows of $76.1 bn.
Graph 13: Estimated Net Flows in the Global ETF Industry Factor-Based ETFs vs Conventional ETFs – February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
Size was the best-selling factor within the segment of factor-based ETFs (+$3.6 bn). They are followed by ETFs using the quality factor (+$2.2 bn), ETFs using the growth factor (+$1.6 bn), yield factor ETFs (+$1.3 bn), and ETFs using the momentum factor (+$1.1 bn).
Graph 14: Estimated Net Flows of Single Factors Within the Segment of Factor-Based ETFs – February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
On the other side of the fund flows league table for factor-based ETFs were the volatility factor ETFs (-$3.2 bn), facing the highest outflows, bettered by multi factor ETFs (-$1.2 bn) and beta factor ETFs (-$0.01 bn).
Global ETF Flows in ESG-Related ETFs
Given the fact that sustainable investing is a hot topic in the global investment industry, it is somewhat surprising that ESG-related ETFs enjoyed only $5.6 bn in estimated net inflows over the course of February. Compared to the overall estimated net inflows into ETFs globally. Nevertheless, the market share of ESG-related ETFs from the overall ETF flows (6.69%) is higher than their market share of assets under management (5.20%).
Graph 15: Estimated Net Flows in the Global ETF Industry ESG-related ETFs vs Conventional ETFs – February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
With regard to the overall market structure and the general fund flow trend, it is not surprising that equity ETFs (+$3.2 bn) enjoyed the highest estimated net inflows in the segment of ESG-related ETFs for February. They were followed by bond ETFs (+$2.8 bn), money market ETFs (+$0.05 bn), commodities ETFs (+$0.01 bn), and mixed-assets ETFs (+$0.01 bn). Meanwhile, alternatives ETFs (-$0.2 bn), and “other” ETFs (-$0.4 bn) were the asset types facing outflows in the segment of ESG-related ETFs.
Graph 16: Estimated Net Flows of ESG-related ETFs by Asset Type – February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
Global ETF Flows by Region
By reviewing the estimated flows in the global ETF industry by fund domicile and the respective regions, one needs to bear in mind that some domiciles have specific advantages or disadvantages when it comes to ETF distribution. The U.S. is, for example, a single market and can take profit from the size of the overall market, while in Europe every market is or at least can be an ETF domicile, which means that the local markets are much smaller. That said, the EU countries have established a fund regulation (Undertakings in Collective Investments and Transferable Securities, or UCITS) which enables the fund and ETF industry to cross-list all products which are registered for sale in one EU country into another EU country. Since UCITS has become such a well-recognized regulation standard for mutual funds and ETFs, some countries in South and Central America, as well in Asia, allow UCITS funds to be cross-listed and sold to local investors. It is fair to say that there is no other regulatory framework available that allows funds to be distributed in various countries. Other mutual recognition agreements, such as those between Hong Kong and China or Hong Kong and Taiwan, are only bilateral and have no global reach. This means that the estimated flows for European ETFs may also include flows from South and Central America, as well as from Asia.
As to be expected, ETFs domiciled in North America (+$56.5 bn) enjoyed the highest estimated net inflows for February 2024. They were followed by ETFs domiciled in Europe (+$16.2 bn), Asia Pacific (+$10.9 bn), and (south) Africa (+$0.1 bn). On the other side of the table, ETFs domiciled in South and Central America (-$0.1 bn), faced estimated net outflows.
Graph 17: Estimated Net Flows in the Global ETF Industrys by Region, February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
In more detail, the U.S. (+$51.4 bn) was the single fund domicile with the highest estimated net inflows for February. It was followed by Ireland (+$11.3 bn) and Canada (+$5.1 bn).
Global ETF Flows by Asset Type
Given the overall market environment, it was not surprising that equity ETFs (+$56.9 bn) were the best-selling asset type for February 2024. They were followed by bond ETFs (+$19.2 bn), alternatives ETFs (+$8.5 bn), money market ETFs (+$1.9 bn), and real estate ETFs (+$0.01 bn). On the other side of the table, “other” ETFs (-$0.1 bn), mixed-assets ETFs (-$0.3 bn), and commodities ETFs (-$2.5 bn) faced outflows.
Graph 18: Estimated Net Sales by Asset Type, February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
The fact that investors around the globe bought further into bond ETFs might be seen as a sign that investors may anticipate a possible ending of the interest hiking cycle of central banks around the globe led by the U.S. Federal Reserve. Therefore, this positioning might be seen as a bet that inflation will go down further.
The relatively high inflows into alternatives ETFs are caused by the inflows into Bitcoin ETFs, which are classified as Alternative Currency Strategies in the Lipper database.
Global ETF Flows by Lipper Global Classifications
A closer look at the best- and worst-selling Lipper Global Classifications for February shows that investors are in risk-on mode with regard to their risk appetite. This is because the table of the 10 best-selling Lipper Global Classifications is composed of six equity, two bond, and two alternatives classifications. Equity U.S. (+$27.3 bn) was the best-selling classification for the month. The category was followed by Bond USD Medium Term (+$10.1 bn), Equity Global (+$8.2 bn), Alternative Currency Strategies (+$7.6 bn), and Bond USD Government (+$6.4 bn).
Graph 19: Ten Best- and Worst-Selling Lipper Global Classifications by Estimated Net Sales, February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
On the other side of the table, Alternative Equity Leveraged (-$3.9 bn) faced again the highest outflows. It was bettered by Bond USD Government Short Term (-$3.7 bn), Commodity Precious Metals (-$2.4 bn), Equity Theme Natural Resources (-$2.4 bn), and Bond EUR Corporates (-$2.3 bn).
More generally, the flow trends for the classifications with the highest estimated outflows may indicate that investors adjusting their portfolios to the current economic environment and are reducing non-core asset classes within their portfolios.
Global ETF Flows by Promoters
Vanguard (+$22.0 bn) was the best-selling ETF promoter globally for the month, ahead of BlackRock (iShares) (+$13.8 bn), JPMorgan (+$6.1 bn), Invesco (+5.8 bn), and Fidelity Investments (+5.2 bn).
Graph 20: Twenty Best-Selling ETF Promoters Globally, February 1, 2024 – February 29, 2024 (in mn USD)
Source: LSEG Lipper
Overall, the 20 best-selling ETF promoters account for estimated net inflows of $77.9 bn.
